COST VOLUME PROFIT ANALYSIS
- Total Revenue dibagi dalam 3 komponen yaitu TFC, TVC dan Profit. Dalam kondisi BEP profitnya samadengan nol.
- TFC tidak bergeser karena selalu konstan, yang berubah hanya TVC.
- TVC1 pasti lebih besar dari TVC0 karena produk yang dijual bertambah banyak, tapi TVC1 setelah melewati BEP tidak akan mungkin memiliki rentan dari titik TFC berakhir sampai ke titik paling kanan karena ada profit
Pembahasan
Soal :
1.
PT
Singkat Padat (PT SP) memiliki beberapa data dan informasi sebagai berikut
Margin of Safety (MS)
|
Rp 1.000.000
|
Contribution Margin Ratio (CMR)
|
75%
|
Total Variable Cosr at BEP (TVC0)
|
Rp 1.000.000
|
Anda
diminta untuk menentukan (1)TR0;(2)TFC;(3)TR1;(4)Profit/π;(5)TVC1;(6)MSR;(7)PR!
Jawab
:
CMR=
=75%
=
= 75%
=TR0-TVC=75% TR0
25%TR0=TVC
TVC0=25%TR0
1.000.000=25%TR0
(1)TR0= 4.000.000
MS=TR1-TR0=1.000.000
TR1-4.000.000=1.000.000
(3)TR1=5.000.000
CM
at BEP=TFC
TR0-TVC0=TFC
4.000.000-1.000.000=TFC
(2)TFC=3.000.000
CMR=
=75%
=
=0,75
5.000.000-TVC1=3.750.000
(5)TVC1=1.250.000
(4)Profit= CM-TFC
=TR1-TVC1-TFC
=5.000.000-1.250.000-3.000.000
=750.000
(6)MSR=
=
= 20%
(7)PR=
=
= 15%
2. Diketahui
data PT Cekak Aos (PT CA): TFC=500.000;MSR=0,375; dan CMR=80%. Hitunglah:(1)TR0;(2)TR1;(3)Profit/π;(4)TVC0;(5)MOS;(6)TVC1;(7)Q0 apabila selling price=1.000!
CMR=
80%
X TR0=500.000
(1)TR0= 625.000
MSR0=
0,375=
(2)TR1= 1.000.000
CMR=
80%TR1=500.000+π
80%X
1.000.000=500.000+π
(3)π=300.000
TR1=TFC+TVC0
625.000=500.000+TVC0
(4)TVC0= 125.000
(5)MOS =TR1-TR0
=1.000.000-625.000
=375.000
MSR=
TR1= TFC+TVC1+π
1.000.000=500.000+TVC1+300.000
(6)TVC1= 200.000
TP=P.Q0
625.000=1.000XQ0
(7)Q0=625
3. Crystal
Clear Products produces two types of water filters. One attaches to the faucet
and cleans all water that passes through the faucet. The other is a
pitcer-cum-filter that only purifies water meant for drinking.
The
unit that attaches to the faucet is sold for $100 and has variable costs of $35
The
pitcher-cum-filter sells for $120 and has variable costs of $30
Crystal
clear sells two faucet models for every three pitchers sold. Fixed costs equal $1.200.000
1.
What
is the breakeven point in unit sales and dollars for each type of filter at the
current sales mix?
2.
Crystal
clear is considering buying new production equipment. The new equipment will
increase fixed cost by $208.000 per year and will decrease the variable cost of
the faucet and the pitcher units by $5 and $10 respectively. Assuming the same
sales mix, how many of each type of filter does crystal clear need to sell to
break even?
Jawab
:
1.
TR0=TVC0+TFC
(100XQA0)+(120X
QA)=(35QA)+(30X
QA)+1.200.000
280QA=80QA+1.200.000
QA=6.000
Unit
QB=
QA
=
6.000
=9.000 unit
TR0= (100X6.000)+(120X9.000)
= 1.680.000
2.
TR0=TVC0+TFC
(100QA+120X
QA)=(30QA+20X
QA)+1.408.000
280QA=60QA+1.408.000
QA=6.400
Unit
QB=
QA
=
X6400
=9.600 unit
P20-6
Break-Even
and CVP Analysis
Diketahui : Direct Material $ 60.000
Direct Labor
40.000
Variable factory overhead
20.000
Fixed factory overhead
30.000
Variable SGA
10.000
Fixed SGA
15.000
Jawaban :
1. BEP
at unit ketika sales price per unit = $ 38,5
2. Unit
yang harus dijual untuk menghasilkan profit $ 18.000 pada sales price per unit
sebesar $ 40
3. Harga
jual per unit untuk penjualan 5.000 unit agar menghasilkan profit 20% dari
sales
P20-7
CVP Analysis
Diketahui :
B2
|
B4
|
|
Sales Volume
|
20.000
|
40.000
|
Selling Price per Unit
|
$ 180
|
$ 180
|
DM
|
65
|
40
|
DL
|
40
|
40
|
VFOH
|
16
|
16
|
FFOH
|
25
|
25
|
Full Cost per Unit
|
146
|
121
|
Gross Profit per Unit
|
34
|
39
|
-
Variable selling cost = 5% sales
-
Fixed selling and administratif cost = $ 207.330
-
Normal capacity =
60.000 unit dapat ditingkatkan menjadi 100.000 unit dengan biaya
tambahan $ 80.000
-
Taxes Rate 40%
-
Selling price untuk B4 meningkat 10% dari tahun
sebelumnya untuk tahun 20B dan tidak ada perubahan cost dan selling price untuk
produk lain
20B ----> 160 x 110% = 176
-
Sales mix B2 : B4 = 2 : 3
-
After tax net income = $135.000
Jawaban :
B2
|
B4
|
|
Sales
|
180
|
176
|
VC :
|
||
DM
|
65
|
40
|
DL
|
40
|
40
|
VFOH
|
16
|
16
|
Vselling expense
(5% selling price)
|
9
|
8,8
|
Total VC
|
130
|
104,8
|
CM
|
50
|
71,2
|
FC :
|
||
FFOH
|
(20.000 x
25)
|
(40.000 x
25)
|
500.000
|
1.000.000
|
|
FSGA
|
207.330
|
|
Total FC
|
1.707.330
|